Everything about Wuchang Hubei totally explained
Wuchang is one of the three towns, together with
Hankou and
Hanyang, which are included in modern day
Wuhan, the capital of the
Hubei province, in
China. Along with the other two sister towns, it stands at the mouth of the
Han River, and is situated on the right bank of the
Yangtze River. The Wuchang fish (
Megalobrama amblycephala; ) is named for the town.
History
The old Wuchang county
See also:
Ezhou
In
221, warlord
Sun Quan moved the capital of
Eastern Wu from
Gong'an county,
Jingzhou (northwest of present day
Gong'an county,
Hubei) to
È county (in present day
Ezhou City), and renamed È to Wuchang (literally
prospering from military, regarding its
logistics role of the
military bases established before the
Battle of Red Cliffs). Later in the year
Cao Pi proclaimed himself the emperor of
Cao Wei. Sun Quan declared independence in the following year, and started to build forts and palaces in Wuchang. Sun Quan proclaimed himself the emperor of Eastern Wu in
229, and moved the capital to
Jianye.
Sun Hao, the emperor of Eastern Wu between
264 and
280, moved the capital back to Wuchang in
265. In 589, the Wuchang
commandery was abolished and the Wuchang county was transferred to a new commandery named Ezhou (headquartered in present day Wuchang District), and remained in the administration since then.
The present day Wuchang town
The Wuchang
commandery was setup when È was renamed to Wuchang, and included six counties. In 223 the commandery was renamed to
Jiangxia, and the capital of the commandery moved to Xiakou (in present day Wuchang town). The name of the town was switched back and forth between Wuchang and Jiangxia several times in the following centuries. After 1301, the Wuchang
prefecture, headquartered in the town, became the capital of
Hubei province.
At the end of the
Qing Empire, the Wuchang prefecture was the capital of the combined provinces of
Hubei and
Hunan, called the 'two Hu' or
Huguang. It was the seat of the provincial government of Huguang, at the head of which was a
viceroy. Next to
Nanjing and
Guangzhou, it was one of the most important vice-royalties in the empire.
It possessed an arsenal and a mint. The provincial government established
ironworks for the manufacture of rails and other
railway material. As the works didn't pay under official management, they were transferred to the director-general of railways. Wuchang wasn't open to foreign trade and residence, but a considerable number of
missionaries, both
Roman Catholic and
Protestant, lived within the walls. The native population was estimated at 800,000 around
1911, including cities on both banks. At that time, Wuchang was an important junction on the trunk railway from
Beijing to Guangzhou; and was on the route of the
Sichuan railway.
In Wuchang on
October 10,
1911, a revolt broke out against the Qing Dynasty. This event, now called the
Wuchang Uprising and celebrated as
Double Ten Day, was the catalyst that started the
Xinhai Revolution, which led to the development of the
Republic of China.
In
1912, the Wuchang prefecture was abolished and a new Wuchang county (just next to the Wuchang county in the EZhou city) was created. In 1926 the Wuchang town was promoted to a city, and merged with
Hankou and
Hanyang to form a new city named
Wuhan. After 1949, part of the Wuchang county was absorbed into the new Wuhan city and was named Wuchang, Qingshan and Hongshan districts, while the remain part still named the Wuchang county. In 1995, the Wuchang county became the Jiangxia district of Wuhan.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Wuchang Hubei'.
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